Book-binding



N. LULL.v BooK BINDING.

(No Model.)

No. 436,042. Patented sept. 9, 1890.

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NITED STATES NEWTON LULL, or

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BOOK-BINDING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,042, datedSeptember 9, 1890.

Application filed May 3, 1890.

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, NEWTON LULL, a citizen of the United States, residingat Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Book-Binding, of which the following is aspecification.

My improvement relates to the character of binding heretofore employedfor books of various kinds, but particularly for blankbooks andaccount-books, the object being to cause the leaves when the book isopen to lie Hat throughout their Whole exten-t. For this purpose it hasbeen customary to employ a series of stubs secured to the back of thebook and secure the leaf-sections to the outer edges of these stubs bystitching or by some other form of flexible connection. In practice eachstub is formed of about the thickness of a leafsection, by which ismeant a group of leaves formed by doubling a suitable number of sheetsupon themselves. In some cases. the stubs, or guards, as they aresometimes called, are made flexible, and in some cases they are maderigid. This general character of binding is commonly applied to largeand heavy blank-books and account-books. As

the leaf-sections are generally secured to the stubs by means ofstitches passing through the leaf-sections at the angle of folding andthence through the stubs, it is obvious that the connection isnecessarily frail, so that the leaf-sections in the ordinary handling ofthe books vare liable to become detached by the breaking or wearing ofthe thread. As books of this class have heretofore been made therefastening of detached leaf-sections or the substitution of new oneswas a matter of considerable difficulty, and without taking apart andrebinding the book it was impossible to attach the loose section bymeans of stitching -corresponding with that originally employed.

The object of my present invention is to overcome this difficulty; andit consists in securing each leaf-section separately to itscorresponding stub by stitches passed at intervals vertically throughthe angle at the fold of the leaf-section and then transversely throughthe stub near its upper edge and back through the angle at the fold ofthe leaf-section.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis Serial No. 350,504. (No model.)

a broken perspective view of a book bound in accordance with myinvention, and Fig. 2 a perspective View of a single stub illustratingthe mode of stitching.

In practiceI employ stubs of the rigid type in contradistinction to theflexible type, though obviously my mode of stitching may be employedwith either type of stub.

A is the back of the book, and B B the stubs secured thereto in anywell-known way. As shown in the drawings, and as I prefer to make thesestubs, each is formed of an internal layer of card-board or stiffenedfabric having Manila paper Wound about it, and the whole is providedwith an external covering of muslir or other fabric. This constructionaffords the rigidity which is desirable, while the fabric covering givesa rm hold to the stitching. Of course the thickness of each stub shouldcorrespond approximately with that of its leaf-section. The stubs may beemployed in any desired number according to the size of thebook; but allthe stubs are independent of each other, aside from the fact that theyare fastened to a common back.

C C are the leaf-sections, corresponding in number with the stubs andeach fastened independently to its stub by means of the stitching D. Thecourse of this stitching is clearly illustrated in Fig. 2. At theinitial and terminal ends it is secured by a knott t', and atintermediate points the thread is looped through the section and stub,as shown at s. The stitching may of course be done either with wire orthread.

In original manufacture it is preferable to secure the leaf-sections tothin corresponding stubs before grouping the latter and securing them tothe back; but in the event of the replacement or substitution of aleaf-section the stitching is done in the same manner that it wasoriginally done without requiring the detachment of the stub from thegroup.

Aside from the specific advantage named, my book has the merit ofexceptional simplicity in point of manufacture, coupledwith as high adegree of strength and durability as can be attained with this generalcharacter of binding.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

IOO

l. The combination, with the back A of a book, of the stubs B, securedthereto, leafseotionsC,and stitching passing down through the angles ofthe leaf-section and transversely through the outer margins of the stubsand 'securing each leafseotion and its correspondlng stub togetherindependently of the re mailling leaf-sections and stubs, substantiallyas described.

2. In combination with the baokA of abook, the fabrie-oovered stubs B,secured thereto, leaf-Sections C, and stitching D, having the initialand terminal knots 2f 2f and intermediate loops s passing through theangles of the leaf-sections and transversely through the outer marginsof the stubs and securing each leaf-section to its corresponding stubindependently of the remaining leaf-sections and stubs, substantially asdescribed.

NEWTON LULL. In presence of J. W. DYRENFORTH, M. J. FROST.

